Cycloalkanes

 Cycloalkanes

By now, I'm sure you've seen those weird hydrocarbons that are in shapes instead of lines. What are they?

Uses

 * motor fuel
 * natural gas
 * petroleum gas
 * kerosene
 * diesel
 * other heavy oils

Cycloalkanes
DEFINE: Hydrocarbon chains that connect in a head to tail ‘circle’

They are known as Cyclic Hydrocarbons, or Cycloalkanes.

NOTE: When writing the name of the "parent" cycloalkane be sure to include "cyclo" before the prefix then add "ane" on the end (ex. cyclobutane)

EXAMPLES:



The general formula for a cycloalkane is C(n)H2(n)

Try it yourself
EXERCISES:

a) Try drawing structural, and molecular diagrams for cyclopentane

b) Name the following:



ANSWERS:

a)



C5H10

b) Cyclohexane

Substituted Cycloalkanes
Substituted Cycloalkanes follow the same rules as straight-chain alkanes,

EXCEPT: EXAMPLES:
 * If there is only one 'branch' then do not use a number! All carbon in cycloalkanes is identical, so that carbon is assumed to be the '1'.
 * if there is more than more branch, the first branch is assumed to be at the ‘1’ position, and the remaining ones are numbered either clockwise or counterclockwise to have the lowest set of values overall.



EXERCISES:

a) Draw diagrams for 1,1-dimethylcyclopentane and 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane

b) Name the following:



ANSWERS:

a)



b)

1,3-dimethylcyclobutane, methylcyclopropane